Dry eye is a very common problem affecting women more than men and becoming more prevalent as people age.
Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. It can present in many ways, with symptoms that can include a foreign body sensation, burning, stinging, redness, blurred vision, and dryness. Tearing is another symptom because the eye initially becomes irritated from the lack of moisture and then there is a sudden flood of tears in response to the irritation. Unfortunately, this flood of tears can wash out other important components of the tear film necessary for proper eye lubrication.
Some medications have the potential to worsen the symptoms of dry eye. Here are some of the broad categories and specific medications that have been known to potentially worsen the symptoms:
- Blood Pressure Medications - Beta blockers such as Atenolol (Tenormin), and diuretics such as Hydrochlorothiazide.
- GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disorder) Medications - There have been reports of an increase in dry eye symptoms by patients on these medications, which include Cimetidine (Tagamet), Rantidine (Zantac), Omerprazole (Prilosec), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), and Esomeprazole (Nexium).
- Antihistamines - More likely to cause dry eye: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin). Less likely to cause dry eye: Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Desloratadine (Clarinex), and Fexofenadine (Allegra). Many over-the-counter decongestants and cold remedies also contain antihistamines and can cause dry eye.
- Antidepressants - Almost all of the antidepressants, antipsychotic, and anti-anxiety drugs have the propensity to worsen dry eye symptoms.
- Acne medication - Oral Isotretinoin.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy - The estrogen in HRT has been implicated in dry eye.
- Parkinson's Medication - Levodopa/Carbidopa (Synamet), Benztropine (Cogentin), Procyclidine (Kemadrin).
- Eye Drops - In addition to oral medications, many eye drops can increase the symptoms of dry eye, especially drops with the preservative BAK.
If you are suffering from dry eye and are using any of the medications above you should discuss this with your eye doctor and medical doctor. Don't stop these medications on your own without consulting your doctors.
Article contributed by Dr. Brian Wnorowski, M.D.
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